阿苯达唑-Albendazole

Albendazole is a benzimidazole-class anthelmintic agent structurally related to mebendazole.

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Storage

Albendazole suspension should be stored at room temperature (15–30°C) and protected from freezing. Shake well before use.

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Pharmacology / Indications / Pharmacokinetics

Albendazole is indicated for the treatment of Paragonimus kellicotti infection in cats, capillariasis in dogs and cats, and filariasis (including Acanthocheilonema reconditum) in dogs.

It can also be used to treat Giardia infections in small animals; however, its potential for bone marrow toxicity limits its use.

In 1984, albendazole was suspected to be a carcinogenic substance, but subsequent studies failed to demonstrate any tumorigenic or carcinogenic activity.

No pharmacokinetic data are available for albendazole in cattle, dogs, or cats, but oral absorption is believed to be superior to that of other benzimidazoles. Within 9 days, approximately 47% of the administered dose (as metabolites) can be detected in urine.

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Drug Safety

Use albendazole with caution in patients with hepatic or hematologic disorders. Pigeons may be more sensitive to the toxicity of albendazole or fenbendazole.

At the recommended dosage, cattle tolerate albendazole well with no obvious adverse effects.

In dogs, oral administration of 50 mg/kg twice daily may cause anorexia.

In cats, mild ataxia, depression, and anorexia have been reported; some cats refuse to eat when albendazole is used for Paragonimus infections.

Evidence suggests that albendazole can cause aplastic anemia in dogs, cats, and humans.

A dosage of 300 mg/kg (30× the recommended dose) and 200 mg/kg can be fatal to cattle and sheep, respectively.

A dosage of 45 mg/6 kg (4.5× the recommended dose) caused no adverse effects in tested cattle.

In cats, 100 mg/kg daily for 14–21 days resulted in weight loss, neutropenia, and lethargy.

In humans, dexamethasone and praziquantel can increase albendazole plasma concentrations. Cimetidine can increase albendazole levels in bile and cyst fluid; veterinary relevance remains unclear.

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Dosages

Dogs

For pulmonary filariasis:

•50 mg/kg PO every 12 h for 5 days; repeat treatment after 21 days.

(Note: Clinical signs may acutely worsen due to host reactions to dead worms.)

•25 mg/kg PO every 12 h for 5 days; repeat treatment after 2 weeks.

(Also used for Acanthocheilonema reconditum infections.)

For Capillaria plica (bladder capillariasis):

•50 mg/kg PO every 12 h for 10–14 days.

(May cause anorexia.)

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Cats

For Paragonimus kellicotti infection:

•50 mg/kg PO once daily for 21 days, or

•30 mg/kg PO once daily for 12 days, or

•25 mg/kg PO every 12 h for 14 days.

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For Giardia infection (dogs and cats):

•25 mg/kg PO every 12 h for 4 doses, or

•25 mg/kg PO twice daily for 5 days, or

•25 mg/kg PO twice daily for 2–5 days.

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Source: Veterinary Drug Manual

Compiled and published by: Mao Pipipet Veterinary Team